CentOS7中安装Python3😄

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众所周知…CentOS中默认只有Python2，那么想使用Python3并指定版本的话，只能靠自己编译安装了。

先切换到root，安装Development tools，还有一些依赖项: 

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yum groupinstall "Development tools"
yum install zlib-devel bzip2-devel openssl-devel ncurses-devel readline-devel tk-devel libffi-devel

安装高版本的sqlite3, 避免在后面使用时出现问题，比如gerapy依赖的django要求sqlite在3.8版本以上，而通过yum安装的版本为sqlite3.7。

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wget https://github.com/sqlite/sqlite/archive/version-3.28.0.tar.gz
tar -xvf version-3.28.0.tar.gz -C /usr/local
cd /usr/local/sqlite-version-3.28.0/
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/sqlite3
make
make install
ln -s /usr/local/sqlite3/bin/sqlite3 /usr/bin/sqlite3

开始下载安装，我选择了3.7.3版本: 

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wget https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.7.3/Python-3.7.3.tgz
tar -xvf Python-3.7.3.tgz -C /usr/local/
cd /usr/local/Python-3.7.3/

在configure时，配置目录、开启安装pip的选项、链接sqlite3 

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LD_RUN_PATH=/usr/local/sqlite3/lib ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/python3 --with-ensurepip=install --enable-shared --enable-optimizations LDFLAGS="-L /usr/local/sqlite3/lib" CPPFLAGS="-I /usr/local/sqlite3/include"
LD_RUN_PATH=/usr/local/sqlite3/lib make
LD_RUN_PATH=/usr/local/sqlite3/lib make install

注意: 此处的--enable-shared选项是确保为Python构建了共享库，否则在未来的某一天可能遇到类似这样的错误: 

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OSError: Python library not found: libpython3.7.so.1.0, libpython3.7m.so.1.0, libpython3.7mu.so.1.0, libpython3.7m.so
    This would mean your Python installation doesn't come with proper library files.
    This usually happens by missing development package, or unsuitable build parameters of Python installation.

    * On Debian/Ubuntu, you would need to install Python development packages
      * apt-get install python3-dev
      * apt-get install python-dev
    * If you're building Python by yourself, please rebuild your Python with `--enable-shared` (or, `--enable-framework` on Darwin)

当看到Successfully installed pip-19.0.3 setuptools-40.8.0就代表已经安装成功了。

编译完成后，需要将共享库拷贝至/usr/lib64目录下

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cp /usr/local/python3/lib/libpython3.7m.so.1.0 /usr/lib64

要不然在后面会出现问题，不过这里除了拷贝之外，可能还有更好的解决方案: 

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error while loading shared libraries: libpython3.7m.so.1.0: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory

使用ln命令做软链接: 

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ln -s /usr/local/python3/bin/python3 /usr/bin/python3
ln -s /usr/local/python3/bin/pip3 /usr/bin/pip3

在命令行中输入python3时，可以看到 

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$ python3
Python 3.7.3 (default, Jul  4 2019, 23:33:11) 
[GCC 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-36)] on linux
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>>

另外，为pip设置一下TUNA的更新源，可以加快下载的速度。 

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pip3 config set global.index-url https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple

接下来就可以愉快的使用了👀

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